Anatomy
The elbow joint is formed by the humerus (upper arm bone) and the ulna (elbow bone). Another forearm bone (radius, the radius bone) forms a joint with the ulna (species radioulnaris proximalis). A strong ligament (lig. annulare radii) surrounds the head of the radius. The elbow joint is surrounded by a joint capsule and several reinforcing ligaments.
Elbow joint:
A. Humerus
B. Capsula articularis
C. Epicondylus medialis
D. Lig. collaterale ulnare
E. Chorda obliqua
F. Ulna
G. Radius
H. Tendo m. bicipitis brachii
I. Lig. anulare radii
J. Lig. collaterale radiale
K. Epicondylus lateralis
Cause
A pull on the arm can partially dislocate the head of the radius (caput radii). It is one of the most common injuries in children up to 5 years of age. In 20%, the injury occurs more than once (Nardi NM, et al. 2023)
Symptoms
Sudden onset of pain around the elbow and pain-induced restriction of movement in the elbow after pulling the arm.
Examination
In the vast majority of cases, the condition is diagnosed based on the medical history and clinical examination. X-rays and ultrasound scans are only necessary if there is a suspected fracture or dislocation of the elbow or if there is swelling.
Treatment
In uncomplicated cases, the joint slip can usually be set in place by simple manipulation (hyperpronation or suppination/flexion), whereby a ‘click’ is often felt when the joint head goes into place. 30 minutes later, 90% are symptom-free.
Some recommend a few days of relief afterwards.
Rehabilitation, specific:
Once the joint is in place, there will usually be no need for any specific rehabilitation.
