Tennis elbow
Anatomy The elbow joint is the joint connection between the humerus and the two bones of the forearm: the radius and the ulna. Several ligaments reinforce the elbow joint: the medial collateral ligament, the lateral collateral ligament and the anular radius ligament (which goes around the head of the radius). Many of the forearm muscles […]
Lumbargo
Anatomy The back is made up of box-shaped vertebrae that are held in place partly by the shape of the bones, partly by ligaments and partly by the large and small back and abdominal muscles. The spine seen from the side A. Vertebra prominensB. Vertebra coccygea I C. PromontoriumD. L I E. Th I F. […]
Scheuermann decease
Anatomy The back is made up of box-shaped vertebrae that are held in place partly by the shape of the bones, partly by ligaments and partly by the large and small back and abdominal muscles. The spine seen from the side A. Vertebra prominensB. Vertebra coccygea I C. PromontoriumD. L I E. Th I F. […]
Slipped dics
Anatomy The spine is made up of box-shaped vertebrae that are held in place partly by the shape of the bones, partly by ligaments and partly by the large and small back and abdominal muscles. Interspersed between the vertebrae are cartilage discs (disci) that act as shock absorbers. The discs are close to the spinal […]
Rupture of the posterior cruciate ligament
Anatomy The bones of the knee joint include the femur (thigh bone), tibia (shin bone) and patella (kneecap). There is also a small joint between the tibia and fibula (fibula). The knee joint is reinforced by a joint capsule that is laterally reinforced with an external and internal collateral ligament (ligamentum collaterale laterale, LCL and […]
Rupture of the inner ligament in the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb (skier’s thumb)
Anatomy The five fingers of a hand are made up of 14 small, tubular finger bones (phalanges). The phalanges form the knuckle joints (in the thumb, the root joint) with the metacarpals (os metacarpale) and the joints held together by various ligaments. The joint capsule around the base joint (knuckle joint) of the finger joints […]
Stiff toe syndrome
Anatomy The metatarsophalangeal joint (MTP-1) of the big toe is formed by the first metatarsal and the proximal phalanx of the big toe. Cause of the problem Stiffness in the metatarsophalangeal joint of the big toe (hallux rigidus) is a common condition in sports and is caused by irritation of the metatarsophalangeal joint, often after […]
Tendon synovitis
Anatomy The muscles and tendons around the ankle joint are divided into 3 groups. A group at the front of the ankle (extensor tendons) that bend the foot up, a group behind the inside of the ankle (long flexor tendons) and a group behind the outside of the ankle (peroneal tendons) that help to stabilise […]
Joint cartilage damage, osteoarthritis
Anatomy The articular surfaces are covered with a few millimetres of cartilage that serves to reduce stress on the articular surfaces. Foot from above: A. Phalanx mediaB. Tuberositas ossis metatarsalis VC. Os cuboideumD. CalcaneusE. TalusF. Os naviculareG. Os cuneiforme lateraleH. Os cuneiforme intermediumI. Os cuneiforme medialeJ. Os metatarsaleiK. Os sesamoideumL. Phalanx proximalisM. Phalanx distalis Cause […]
Concentration of fluid in the joint
Anatomy The joints of the foot include the large ankle joint (talocrural joint), the joint below the ankle joint (subtalar joint, talocalcaneal joint) between the heel bone (calcaneus), ankle roll bone (talus) and several of the tarsal bones (ossa tarsi) as well as many smaller joints between the tarsal bones, metatarsal bones (ossa metatarsi) and […]
Stress fracture in the foot
Anatomy The tibia (shin bone) and fibula (fibula) together with the talus (ankle roll bone) form the bones of the ankle joint. The heel bone (calcaneus) and some of the 7 tarsal bones (ossa tarsi) are closely related to the foot joint. In addition, the bones of the foot include 5 metatarsal bones (ossa metatarsi) […]
Bone fracture in the forefoot
Anatomy The tibia (shin bone) and fibula (fibula) together with the talus (ankle roll bone) form the bones of the ankle joint. The heel bone (calcaneus) and some of the 7 tarsal bones (ossa tarsi) are closely related to the foot joint. In addition, the bones of the foot include 5 metatarsal bones (ossa metatarsi) […]
Fracture of the sesamoid bone under the toe
Anatomy In several places on the foot, small cartilage bones (ossa sesamoidea) are embedded in tendons and ligaments. The sesamoid bones protect the tendons and ligaments from strain. There are almost always 2 sesamoid bones embedded in the flexor tendon of the big toe (musculus flexor hallucis brevis) under the metatarsophalangeal joint. The foot from […]
Forefoot drop and flatfoot
Anatomy The foot has two arches. A longitudinal elastic arch (which when dropped results in flatfoot) and a transverse elastic arch at the front of the foot around the pads under the toes. Forefoot drop is also called forefoot flatfoot. The forefoot arch distributes the pressure of foot strike across all toes. A high instep […]
Inflammation of the heel fat pad
Anatomy Under the heel bone (calcaneus) is a shock-absorbing fat pad (corpus adiposum) to protect the heel bone and the plantar fascia, which attaches to the heel bone under the heel. Heelpad, sole of foot A. Corpus adiposumB. M. flexor digitorum brevisC. M. flexor hallucis longusD. Aponeurosis plantaris See image of ‘heel fat pad syndrome’ […]
Inflammation of the hollow tendon
Anatomy The calf muscles attach to the back of the heel bone via the Achilles tendon. Almost as an extension of this, the plantar fascia (fascia plantaris, aponeurosis plantaris) originates under the heel bone. The plantar tendon attaches to all 5 toes. A smaller external (lateral) and internal (medial) part of the plantar tendon (fascia […]
Sinus tarsi syndrom
Anatomy The sinus tarsi is a funnel-shaped cavity on the outside of the foot in front of the ankle bone (lateral malleolus) between the heel bone (calcaneus) and the ankle roll bone (talus). The sinus tarsi contains fat, blood vessels, nerves and ligaments. The ligaments help stabilise the joints and maintain the longitudinal arch of […]
Nerve entrapment behind inne ankle knuckle
Anatomy Behind the medial malleolus, one of the large nerves of the lower leg (tibial nerve) runs down to the foot. The tibial nerve is held in place by a strong tendon (retinaculum musculorum flexorum pedis) in the tarsal tunnel and divides into two nerves: the medial plantar nerve and the lateral plantar nerve. The […]
Tendon luxation, outer ankle knuckle
Anatomy The tendons around the ankle are attached to the bones in several places with small connective tissue layers (retinacles). Behind the outer ankle bone are the two peroneal muscles (peroneus longus and peroneus brevis), which help stabilise and bend the ankle. Cause of the problem If there is a rupture of the connective tissue […]
Ligament injury in the ankle joint, inner ligament
Anatomy The ankle joint is stabilised by a joint capsule that is reinforced internally (medially) by a wide, fan-shaped ligament (deltoid ligament) and externally (laterally) by 3 ligaments: an anterior (talofibular anterior ligament, ATFL), a middle (calcaneofibular ligament) and a posterior (talofibular posterior ligament). The ligaments stabilise the ankle joint, especially when twisting, running with […]
Ligament injury in the ankle joint, outer ligament
Anatomy The ankle joint is stabilised by a joint capsule that is reinforced internally (medially) by a wide, fan-shaped ligament (ligamentum deltoideum) and externally (laterally) by 3 ligaments: an anterior (ligamentum talofibulare anterius), a middle (ligamentum calcaneofibulare) and a posterior (ligamentum talofibulare posterius). The ligaments stabilise the ankle joint, especially when twisting, running with changes […]
Inflammation of the Achilles tendon attachment
Anatomy The calf muscle (M Gastrocnemicus) consists of two muscle heads that come together in a broad tendon band that continues into the Achilles tendon. Another large calf muscle (M Soleus) attaches to the front edge of the Achilles tendon and forms part of the Achilles tendon. The Achilles tendon attaches to the heel bone […]
Rupture of the Achilles tendon
Anatomy The calf muscle (M. Gastrocnemicus) consists of two muscle heads that come together in a broad tendon band that continues into the Achilles tendon. Another large calf muscle (M. Soleus) attaches to the front edge of the Achilles tendon and forms part of the Achilles tendon. The Achilles tendon thus consists of the 3 […]
Inflammation of the Achilles tendon
Anatomy The calf muscle (M. Gastrocnemicus) consists of two muscle heads that come together in a broad tendon band that continues into the Achilles tendon. Another large calf muscle (M. Soleus) attaches to the front edge of the Achilles tendon and forms part of the Achilles tendon. The Achilles tendon thus consists of the 3 […]
Crooked back
Anatomy The back is made up of box-shaped vertebrae that are held in place partly by the shape of the bones, partly by ligaments and partly by the large and small back and abdominal muscles. Cause Spinal misalignments (scoliosis) seen from behind can occur in two ways: 1) Functional spinal misalignment is often caused by […]
Cartilage damage in the joint
Anatomy The bones of the knee joint include the femur (thigh bone), tibia (shin bone) and patella (kneecap). The articular surfaces of the femur, tibia and patella are covered with a few millimetres of cartilage that serves to reduce stress on the articular surfaces. Knee joint: A. Patella (Kneecap) B. Tibiae (Shinbone) C. Meniscus lateralis […]
Discus triangularis
Anatomy The bones of the wrist consist of 8 carpal bones (ossa carpi), which together with the two forearm bones, the ulna and radius, form the wrist. On the little finger side (ulnar side) of the wrist, there is a triangular cartilage disc/meniscus (discus triangularis) a few mm in size between the ulna and the […]
Triceps muscle
Anatomy The elbow joint is the joint connection between the humerus and the two bones of the forearm: the radius and the ulna. The elbow’s large extensor muscle (triceps) is located on the back of the upper arm. The triceps muscle has three muscle heads: one internal (caput mediale), one external (caput laterale) and one […]
Thrower’s elbow
Anatomy The elbow joint is the joint connection between the humerus and the two bones of the forearm: the radius and ulna. The three major nerves: radial, ulnar and median can all be injured around the elbow. The ligaments on the outside and inside of the elbow (ligamentum collaterale laterale and mediale) and many muscles […]
Snapping elbow
Anatomy The elbow joint is the joint connection between the humerus and the two bones of the forearm: the radius and ulna. The three major nerves: radial, ulnar and median can all be pressurised around the elbow. The ulnar nerve is located in a canal (sulcus ulnaris) behind the inner elbow prominence (medial epicondyle), where […]
Fracture of the humeral shaft at the elbow
Anatomy The upper arm muscle (M biceps brachii) has 2 tendons that attach to the shoulder blade. The two tendons unite to form the muscle on the upper arm and attach just below the elbow joint on the radius. The function of the biceps muscle is to bend the elbow and rotate the forearm so […]
Fracture of the humerus at the elbow
Anatomy The humerus consists of the head (caput), the neck (collum), the long bone (corpus) and the joint-forming part in the elbow (epicondyle). Upper arm from the front: A. Caput humeri B. Collum chirurgicum C. Epicondylus medialis D. Epicondylus lateralis E. Tuberculum minus F. Sulcus intertubercularis G. Tuberculum majus H. Collum anatomicum Cause A direct […]
Inflammation of the bursa at the elbow
Anatomy At the tip of the elbow (olecranon) is a large mucosal sac to protect the elbow bone from impact and pressure. Cause When bumps or falls on the tip of the elbow (e.g. football goalies), the bursa can become ‘inflamed’ (inflamed), swell and become sore. Symptoms Soreness and swelling at the tip of the […]
Golf elbow
Anatomy The elbow joint is the joint connection between the humerus and the two bones of the forearm: the radius and the ulna. Several ligaments reinforce the elbow joint: the medial collateral ligament, the lateral collateral ligament and the radial collateral ligament (which goes around the head of the radius). 5 of the forearm muscles […]
Wrist ligament injuries
Anatomy The bones of the wrist consist of 8 carpal bones (ossa carpi), which together with the two forearm bones, the ulna and radius, form the wrist. There are many ligaments that hold the carpal and forearm bones together and are important for the stability and function of the wrist. The two carpal bones scaphoideum […]
Climbing finger
Anatomy The flexor tendons of the fingers are held to the finger bones (phalanx) by 5 strong ligaments (flexor pulleys) A1-A5. It is often pulleys A2, A3 and A4 that rupture. (Idrætsskader, 2. udgave, FADL’s forlag) Cause of the problem When the flexor tendons of the fingers are severely strained, the ligaments (flexor pulleys) can […]
Carpaltunnal-syndrome
Anatomy On the palm side of the wrist, the flexor tendons are retained in the carpal tunnel, which is a canal that is bounded on the inside by the wrist and whose ceiling consists of a strong, transverse ligament (retinaculum flexorum). The carpal tunnel is approximately 5 cm long. The median nerve runs together with […]
Drop finger
Anatomy The five fingers consist of 14 small, tubular finger bones (phalanges). On top of the fingers (back of the hand, dorsally) run the extensor tendons that attach to the outermost finger bone (distal phalanx). See foto of drop finger. Cause of the problem A direct blow to the tip of a stretched finger (football […]
Degenerative arthritis in the hand
Anatomy The bones of the wrist consist of 8 carpal bones (ossa carpi), which together with the 2 forearm bones (ulna) and radius (radius) form the wrist. There are also 5 metacarpal bones (ossa metarcarpi) and a total of 14 phalanges. Wrist and wrist spine A. RadiusB. Articulatio radiocarpalis C. Os lunatum D. Os scaphoideum […]
Inflammation of the tendon sheath
Anatomy The finger extensor tendons run from the wrist to the palm of the hand and the fingers are surrounded by tendon sheaths in several places. Tendon sheaths palm: A. Vagina synovialis communis mm. flexorum B. Vaginae synoviales tendinum digitorumC. Vagina tendinis m. flexoris pollicis longi D. Vagina synovialis communis mm. flexorum E. Vagina synovialis […]
Inflammation of the tendon sheath on the outer wrist
Anatomy The tendons around the wrist are surrounded by tendon sheaths. The tendons on the dorsal aspect of the wrist are arranged in 6 courses (see image) and are held in tendon sheaths that are attached to the bones. The tendons on the palm side of the wrist lie in one compartment (carpal tunnel) and […]
Sprained finger joint
Anatomy The five fingers of the hand are made up of 14 small, tubular finger bones (phalanges). The phalanges are held together by various ligaments. The joint capsule around the finger joints is reinforced by three ligaments (two lateral ligaments and a ligament below the joint (volar). The ligament below the finger joints is reinforced […]
Fracture of carpal bone in the wrist
Anatomy The bones of the wrist consist of 8 carpal bones (ossa carpi), which together with the two forearm bones, the ulna and radius, form the wrist. There are also 5 metacarpal bones (ossa metarcarpi) and a total of 14 phalanges. Bones of the right hand palm: A. Os lunatumB. Os triquetrum C. Os pisiforme […]
Rupture of the muscle on the back of the upper arm
Anatomy The elbow joint is the joint connection between the humerus and the two bones of the forearm: the radius and the ulna. The elbow’s large extensor muscle (triceps) is located on the back of the upper arm. The triceps muscle has three muscle heads: one internal (caput mediale), one external (caput laterale) and one […]
Rupture of the muscle on the front of the upper arm
Anatomy The muscles of the upper arm (brachium) include 3 muscles. Two of the muscles flex the elbow joint (M biceps brachii, M brachialis), while the 3rd muscle (M coracobrachialis) brings the arm towards the body (adduction). The biceps muscle also rotates the hand (suppination). Shoulder and upper arm muscles from the front: A. M. […]
Fracture of the upper arm
Anatomy The humerus consists of the head (caput), the neck (collum), the long bone (corpus) and the joint-forming part in the elbow (epicondyle). Upper arm from the front: A. Caput humeriB. Collum chirurgicumC. Epicondylus medialisD. Epicondylus lateralisE. Tuberculum minusF. Sulcus intertubercularisG. Tuberculum majusH. Collum anatomicum Cause A direct fall on an outstretched arm, forceful rotation […]
Nerve entrapment on the back of the shoulder blade
Anatomy At the back of the upper edge of the scapula, in a small channel (incisura scapulae) closed by a ligament (ligamentum transversum), a nerve (N suprascapularis) runs which sends nerve fibres to parts of the shoulder joint capsule and upper and lower scapular muscles (M supraspinatus and M infraspinatus). Right shoulder blade seen from […]
Meniscus lesion in the shoulder
Anatomy Around the edge of the shoulder blade’s articular surface (cavitas glenoidalis) is a meniscus (labrum glenoidale). The meniscus is important for shoulder stability. Shoulder blade articular surface, front view: A. ClaviculaB. Scapula (shoulder blade)C. Capsula articularisD. Labrum glenoidale E. Cavitas glenoidalis F. M. biceps brachii (caput longum) Cause With repeated (over)loading or a single […]
Muscle infiltrations in the neck-shoulder
Anatomy Numerous muscles originate and attach around the shoulder-neck. Deep neck and back muscles from behind: A. M. semispinalis capitisB. Mm. splenii capitis et cervicis C. M. levator scapulae D. M. rhomboideus minorE. M. supraspinatusF. M. rhomboideus major G. Protuberantia occipitalis externa Cause All muscles around the shoulder and neck can become tense and sore […]
Frozen shoulder
Anatomy The shoulder joint consists of the humeral head of the humerus (caput humeri) and the articular surface of the scapula (cavitas glenoidalis). A meniscus (labrum glenoidale) runs all the way around the edge of the shoulder blade’s articular surface.The joint is surrounded by a joint capsule that is reinforced by several ligaments. Surrounding the […]
Fracture of the collar bone
Anatomy The clavicle (clavicle) forms a joint with the sternum and the upper bony prominence of the shoulder blade (acromion). Among other things, the clavicle serves as the attachment for many shoulder and chest muscles. Skeleton: A. Clavicula(Collar bone) Cause A direct fall on the shoulder or outstretched arm or direct trauma can cause a […]
Fracture of the upper arm
Anatomy The humerus consists of the head (caput), the neck (collum), the long bone (corpus) and the joint-forming part in the elbow (epicondyle). Upper arm from the front: A. Caput humeriB. Collum chirurgicumC. Epicondylus medialisD. Epicondylus lateralisE. Tuberculum minusF. Sulcus intertubercularisG. Tuberculum majusH. Collum anatomicum Cause A direct fall on the shoulder or a fall […]
Luxation of the joint between the shoulder blade and the collarbone
Anatomy The clavicle (clavicle) forms a joint with the sternum and the upper bony prominence of the shoulder blade (acromion). The joint between the clavicle and acromion (AC joint) is reinforced with several ligaments (acromioclavicular ligaments and coracoclavicular ligaments). The joint between shoulder blade and collarbone A. Clavicula (Collarbone)B. Lig. transversum scapulae C. Scapula (Shulder […]
Luxation of the shoulder joint
Anatomy The shoulder joint consists of the humeral head of the humerus (caput humeri) and the articular surface of the scapula (cavitas glenoidalis). A meniscus (labrum glenoidale) runs all the way around the edge of the shoulder blade’s articular surface.The joint is surrounded by a joint capsule that is reinforced by several ligaments. Surrounding the […]
Rupture of the biceps tendon
Anatomy The upper arm muscle (M biceps brachii) has 2 tendons that attach to the shoulder blade. One tendon (caput longum) passes through the shoulder joint. The two tendons unite to form the muscle on the upper arm and attach to the forearm bones just below the elbow joint. The function of the biceps muscle […]
Rupture of the large chest muscle
Anatomy The pectoralis major muscle (M pectoralis major) is fan-shaped and covers the front of the chest wall and attaches to the humerus (crista tuberculi majoris). The function of the pectoralis major is, among other things, to bring the arm towards the body and to flex and internally rotate the shoulder (as in throwing). The […]
Inflammation of the tendon sheath of the upper shoulder blade muscle
Anatomy Der er 4 muskler i muskelskeden (rotatormanchetten) omkring skulderleddet, som styrer, koordinerer og assisterer bevægelsen i skulderen: M supraspinatus (øvre skulderbladsmuskel), M infraspinatus (nedre skulderbladsmuskel), M subscapularis og M teres minor. Når armen føres ud fra kroppen og op over hovedet (abduceres), glider supraspinatus-musklen ind under det øverste skulderbladsfremspring (acromion). The shoulder blade muscle […]
Rupture of the upper shoulder blade muscle
Anatomy There are 4 muscles in the muscle sheath (rotator cuff) surrounding the shoulder joint that control, coordinate and assist movement in the shoulder: M supraspinatus (upper scapular muscle), M infraspinatus (lower scapular muscle), M subscapularis and M teres minor. When the arm is brought out from the body and up over the head (abducted), […]
Inflammation of the bursa
Anatomy There are numerous bursae around the shoulder joint that serve to reduce pressure on muscles, tendons and ligaments where they lie close together and against bony prominences. Between the upper bony prominence of the shoulder blade (acromion) and the upper scapular muscle (M supraspinatus) lies the shoulder’s largest bursa (bursae subacromiale), which can communicate […]
Rib fracture
Anatomy The chest cavity with lungs and heart is protected by 12 sets of ribs that attach to the thoracic vertebrae at the back and the sternum at the front. Attached to the ribs are muscles that, among other things, help with breathing. Chest A. RibsB. ChestC. Vertebra lumbalis (processus costalis) D. L II (2nd […]
Muscle pain (DOMS)
Anatomy The forearm muscles are divided into 3 groups (compartments) of strong muscle membranes (fasciae) that are partially inextensible. An anterior muscle group i.e. the dorsal side of the forearm (volar compartment containing the extensor muscles), an external muscle group (radial/lateral compartment) and a posterior muscle group i.e. the palm side of the forearm (dorsal […]
Acute and chronic compartment syndrome
Anatomy The forearm muscles are divided into 3 groups (compartments) of strong muscle membranes (fasciae) that are partially inextensible. An anterior muscle group i.e. the dorsal side of the forearm (volar compartment containing the extensor muscles), an external muscle group (radial/lateral compartment) and a posterior muscle group i.e. the palm side of the forearm (dorsal […]
Bone fracture
Anatomy The bones of the forearm consist of the forearm bone (ulna) and radius. The forearm bone from the front: A. ElbowB. UlnaC. Wrist D. Radius Cause If you hit or fall on your arm, you may fracture one or both bones. The fracture can occur anywhere on the bones. Often the fracture occurs close […]
Acute and chronic compartment syndrome
Anatomy The lower leg consists of two bones: the tibia and fibula. The calf muscles are divided into 3 groups (muscle compartments) of strong muscle membranes (fascia) that are partially rigid: an anterior muscle compartment (comprising the flexor muscles of the foot, the extensors), an external (lateral) muscle compartment (comprising the peroneal muscles) and a […]
Bone fracture / stress fracture in the lower leg
Anatomy The bones of the lower leg include the tibia and fibula. Shinbone from the front. A. TibiaB. Fibula Cause A severe trauma can cause fractures to both the tibia and fibula.Fractures of the fibula are often caused by kicks to the outside of the tibia or twisting of the ankle. Repetitive repetitive stress (e.g. […]
Inflammation of the inner shin bone
Anatomy The calf muscles are divided into 3 muscle groups (muscle compartments) by strong muscle membranes (fascia). An anterior muscle compartment (comprising the flexor muscles of the foot, the extensors), an external (lateral) muscle compartment (comprising the peroneal muscles) and a posterior muscle compartment (comprising the extensor muscles of the foot, the flexors). See image […]
Muscular bleeding in the calf muscle
Anatomy The lower leg is made up of many muscles, but especially the two largest calf muscles (Gastrocnemicus and Soleus muscles), which together form the Achilles tendon that attaches to the back of the heel bone (calcaneus), are relatively prone to injuries in the form of tears and/or haematomas in the muscles. Lower leg from […]
Synovial fluid in the popliteal space
Anatomy The bones of the knee joint include the femur (thigh bone), tibia (shin bone) and patella (kneecap). The joint cavity is lined with a very thin synovial membrane. Knee joint: A. Patella (Kneecap)B. Tibiae (Shinbone)C. Meniscus lateralis (Outer meniscus) D. Femur (Femur) Cause of the problem Twisting and other trauma to the knee joint […]
Jumper’s knee
Anatomy The large anterior thigh muscle (musculus quadriceps femoris) consists of four muscles (m vastus lateralis, m vastus medialis, m vastus intermedius and m rectus femoris). The muscles all attach together on the upper edge of the kneecap. The patellar tendon (ligamentum patellae) connects the lower edge of the kneecap to the upper, anterior part […]
Bursitis superficial on the knee cap
Anatomy There are numerous bursae around the knee that serve the purpose of reducing pressure on muscles, tendons and ligaments where they are in close contact with bone. One of the most common mucosal sacs that can become irritated is the bursa on the front of the kneecap. Cause of the problem With repetitive strain […]
Inflammation of the mucous fold
Anatomy The synovial cavity of the knee joint is lined with a very thin synovium (synovium). In the synovium, synovial folds (plica synovialis) can form in the 4 joint chambers: in the inner joint chamber (medial plica), in the outer joint chamber (lateral plica), in the upper joint chamber (suprapatellar plica) and anterior joint chamber […]
Meniscus lesion
Anatomy The bones of the knee joint include the femur (thigh bone), tibia (shin bone) and patella (kneecap). The articular surfaces of the femur, tibia and patella are covered with a few millimetres of cartilage that serves to reduce stress on the articular surfaces. Both inside and outside the joint there is an annular cartilage […]
Runner’s knee
Anatomy Running externally from the iliac crest to the tibia is a strong tendon (tractus iliotibialis) to which many of the thigh muscles attach. Knee, outer thigh A. Tractus iliotibialis B. M. vastus lateralisC. M. biceps femoris Cause of the problem With repeated uniform movements of the knee joint (running, cycling), the strong tendon (tractus […]
Luxation of the knee cap
Anatomy The large anterior thigh muscle (musculus quadriceps femoris) is made up of four muscles (vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius and rectus femoris). The muscles all attach to the upper edge of the kneecap. The patella tendon (ligamentum patellae) connects the lower edge of the patella to the upper, anterior part of the tibia […]
Outer collateral ligament rupture
Anatomy The bones of the knee joint include the femur (thigh bone), tibia (shin bone) and patella (kneecap). There is also a small joint between the tibia and fibula (fibula). The knee joint is reinforced by a joint capsule that is laterally reinforced with an external and internal collateral ligament (ligamentum collaterale laterale (LCL) and […]
Inner collateral ligament rupture
Anatomy The bones of the knee joint include the femur (thigh bone), tibia (shin bone) and patella (kneecap). There is also a small joint between the tibia and fibula (fibula). The knee joint is reinforced by a joint capsule that is laterally reinforced with an external and internal collateral ligament (ligamentum collaterale laterale (LCL) and […]
Rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament
Anatomy The bones of the knee joint include the femur (thigh bone), tibia (shin bone) and patella (kneecap). There is also a small joint between the tibia and fibula (fibula). The knee joint is reinforced by a joint capsule that is laterally reinforced with an external and internal collateral ligament (ligamentum collaterale laterale (LCL) and […]
Bone fracture in the knee
Anatomy Knoglerne i knæleddet omfatter lårbenet (femur), skinnebenet (tibia) og knæskallen (patella). Derudover dannes der et lille led mellem skinnebenet og lægbenet (fibula). Knee joint: A. Patella (Kneecap) B. Tibiae (Shinbone) C. Meniscus lateralis (Outer meniscus) D. Femur (Femur) Cause of the problem Bone fractures usually occur after a direct blow or forceful twist. Symptoms […]
Pes anserinus Bursitis/tendinitis
Anatomy Three of the thigh muscles (Sartorius, Gracilis and Semitendinosus) attach together on the upper, inner (medial) part of the tibia just below the knee. The tendon attachment of the three tendons is called the Goosefoot (Pes Anserinus). Between the three tendons and the tibia is a bursa to reduce tendon pressure on the tibia. […]
Anterior knee pain
Anatomy There are 4 bones associated with the knee (femur, tibia and patella, fibula). There are many muscles, ligaments and other structures in or around the knee joint. Knee joint: A. Patella (Kneecap) B. Tibiae (Shinbone)C. Meniscus lateralis (Outer meniscus)D. Femur (Femur) Cause of the problem Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is a very common and […]
Sportsman’s hernia
Anatomy The various muscles of the abdominal wall are penetrated by the inguinal canal, which contains nerves (N ilioinguinalis and the genital branch of N genitofemoralis) and in men the spermatic cord (funiculus spermaticus). Cause The existence of a “sports hernia” has been debated among professionals for many years (Fredberg U, Kissmeyer-Nielsen P. 1996) The […]
Nerve entrapment
Anatomy Numerous nerves break through the abdominal wall and send nerve branches to the abdomen, groin and thigh area. The nerves can be pinched where they break through the abdominal wall. Nerves around the groin: A. Umbilicus (navel)B. M. obliquus internus abdominisC. Rami cutanei anteriores n. intercostalis XIID. Anulus inguinalis superficialisE. Funiculus spermaticusF. N. ilioinguinalisG. […]
Inguinal hernia
Anatomy The various muscles of the abdominal wall are transected by the inguinal canal, which contains nerves (N ilioinguinalis and the genital branch of N genitofemoralis) and in men the spermatic cord (funiculus spermaticus). In women, the inguinal canal contains a small fibrous ligament instead. Cause Where the inguinal canal breaks through the abdominal wall, […]
Inflammation of the abdominal muscle at the point of attachment on the pubic bone
Anatomy The pelvis consists of 2 halves, joined at the back by the sacrum and at the front by the pubic symphysis. The abdominal muscles (M rectus abdominis, m. obliquus internus abdominis, m. transversus abdominis) attach to the upper edge of the pubic bone (os pubis) close to the symphysis. Several muscles, including the inward-facing […]
Inflammation of the adductor of the thigh
Anatomy The inner thigh muscles (M adductor longus, M adductor brevis and M adductor magnus, M gracilis and M pectineus) all attach in the groin to the pubic bone. Thighs from the front: A. Spina iliaca anterior superiorB. M. iliopsoasC. Lig. inguinal D. Lig. gaps E. Tuberculum pubicumF. M. pectineusG. M. adductor longusH. M. gracilisI. […]
Brupture of the superficial hip flexor
Anatomy The superficial hip flexor (the anterior rectus femoris muscle) originates from the front of the pelvis (spina iliaca anterior inferior, SIAI) and from the upper edge of the acetabulum. The muscle joins with 3 of the other thigh muscles and attaches to a common muscle tendon (quadriceps) on the upper edge of the kneecap. […]
Rupture of the deep hip flexor
Anatomy The deep hip flexor (M iliopsoas) consists of two muscles. The psoas muscle originates from the lumbar vertebrae and the iliacus muscle originates from the inside of the hip bone. The two muscles fuse together and both attach to the inside of the femur (trochanter minor). The iliopsoas is the strongest flexor muscle of […]
Stress fracture in the femoral neck
Anatomy The femur and pelvis, as well as the sacrum (and small coccyx) make up the bones of the hip region. Pelvis and femur from the front: A. Caput femorisB. Collum femorisC. Trochanter minorD. Trochanter major Cause Repetitive strain, especially when walking, running and jumping, can cause cracks (fatigue fractures) in all bones, with the […]
Muscle infiltrations in the neck-shoulder
Anatomy Numerous muscles originate and attach around the shoulder-neck. Deep neck and back muscles from behind: A. M. semispinalis capitisB. Mm. splenii capitis et cervicis C. M. levator scapulae D. M. rhomboideus minorE. M. supraspinatusF. M. rhomboideus major G. Protuberantia occipitalis externa Cause All muscles around the shoulder and neck can become tense and sore […]
Dental injuries
Anatomy The milk teeth are replaced in infancy, after which the permanent teeth emerge. Incisors are usually replaced around 6-12 years of age. Traumatic dental injuries are seen at all ages, but most commonly between the ages of 8-12 and most commonly affect milk teeth. Cause Direct blows to the teeth can cause damage to […]
Eye injuries
Anatomy The eyes are protected by the eyelids. From the back of each eye, an optic nerve runs to the brain. The back of the brain contains the visual centre. Cause 1/4 of all eye injuries are caused by sports (mainly racket sports where the ball hits the eye). Blunt blows to the head can […]
Slipped disc in the nape of the neck
Anatomy The neck is made up of box-shaped vertebrae that are held in place partly by the shape of the bones and partly by ligaments and muscles. Interspersed between the vertebrae are cartilage discs (disci) that act as shock absorbers. The discs are close to the spinal canal, from which nerves run to the arms. […]
Concussion of the brain (Sports related concussion)
Anatomy The brain is surrounded by the meninges and protected by the skull bone. Cause A direct blow to the head, if the head hits something hard or if the head is moved suddenly and forcefully, sports activities can cause violent tremors where the brain hits the skull bone with such force that a concussion […]
Acute and chronic compartment syndrome
Anatomy The thigh muscles are divided into 3 muscle groups (muscle beds) by strong, partially rigid muscle membranes (fascia): an anterior, an inner and a posterior muscle bed. See line drawing. Cause The pressure in a muscle group (muscle joint) can increase so quickly after a trauma or acute, intensive strain (due to bleeding or […]
Muscle rupture in the anterioir thigh
Anatomy In principle, any muscle on the thigh can rupture, but most commonly the anterior thigh muscle (quadriceps femoris muscle), whose function is to extend the knee and bend the hip. The anterior thigh muscle consists of four muscles (M vastus lateralis, M vastus medialis, M rectus femoris and the deep M vastus intermedius). Thighs […]
Stress fracture in the femoral neck
Anatomy The femur and pelvis, as well as the sacrum (and small coccyx) make up the bones of the hip region. Pelvis and femur from the front: A. Caput femorisB. Collum femorisC. Trochanter minorD. Trochanter major Cause of the problem Repetitive strain, especially when walking, running and jumping, can cause cracks (fatigue fractures) in all […]
Inflammation of the bursa at the ischiatic bone
Anatomy On the outside of the outer femoral prominence (greater trochanter), many muscles attach to the buttocks and around the hip. Between the various muscle tendon attachments are mucosal sacs to reduce the strain on muscles and tendons when they slide over the bony prominence or against each other. The gluteal muscles from behind: A. […]
Outer snapping hip
Anatomy Externally from the front of the iliac crest, a strong tendon (Tensor Fascia Lata) attaches to another tendon (Tractus Iliotibialis) that attaches to the outside of the upper part of the tibia. Several muscles of the thigh attach to the Tractus Iliotibialis. The ligament runs tightly across the outer femoral protuberance (greater trochanter) Thighs […]
Buritis at the outer femoral bone projection
Anatomy On the outside of the outer femoral prominence (greater trochanter), many muscles attach to the buttocks and around the hip. Between the various muscle tendon attachments are mucosal sacs to reduce the strain on muscles and tendons when they slide over the bony prominence or against each other. The gluteal muscles from behind: A. […]
Bursitis on the front of the hip joint
Anatomy Between the deep hip flexor (M iliopsoas) and the joint capsule is a bursa (bursa iliopectinea), which has the function of reducing the strain on the muscle as it slides over the hip joint. The bursa often communicates with the hip joint. See ultrasound scan of the hip joint. Cause When the bursa at […]
